Investigators from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort (MACS) – Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) sought to determine how resilience and optimism may moderate associations that stigma in health care settings (both experienced and anticipated) has with depression symptoms and trust in health care providers. 1405 participants (mean age: 51 years) across 9 U.S. sites provided cross-sectional data on self-reported experiences of HIV-related stigma in health care settings; anticipated HIV-related stigma in health care settings; trust in HIV care providers; depression symptoms; dispositional resilience (using the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale); and optimism (using the 6-item Life-Outcomes Orientation Test-Revised tool). Moderation analyses suggested that higher levels of experienced as well as anticipated stigma in health care settings were associated with higher depression symptom severity and also with lower levels of trust. However, “buffering” effects of resilience and optimism were observed in many associations. For example, when resilience was low, the association between experienced stigma and depression symptoms was stronger compared with the association when high levels of resilience were reported (similar findings were observed when trust in HIV provider was examined). With regard to optimism, when self-reported optimism was high, depression scores were lower and trust was higher: further, the association that experienced stigma had with depression symptoms and provider trust was no longer significant when optimism was high. Associations between anticipated HIV stigma in health care settings and both outcomes were moderated by optimism.